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Samuel of Dabra Wagag
Abba Samuel (Ge'ez: አባ ሳሙኤል ''Abbā Sāmū'ēl''; b. c. 1350〔Steven Kaplan, ''Hagiographies and the History of Medieval Ethiopia'', History in Africa, African Studies Association, 1981, p.114.〕) of the monastery of Dabra Wagag (Ge'ez: ዘደብረ ወገግ ''za-Dabra Wagag'', modern ''ze-Debre Wegeg'', "of Dabra Wagag") was an Ethiopian saint living in the latter half of the 14th and the first decades of the 15th century. The source for his life is his ''Gadl'' (a type of Ethiopian hagiography), most accessible in Stanislas Kur's French translation of the Ge'ez original, ''Actes de Samuel de Dabra Wagag''. The original work (Ge'ez: ገድለ ሳሙኤል ዘወገግ ''Gadla Sāmū'ēl za-Wagag'') survives only in two 20th century manuscripts, both copies of a 16th-century revision of an earlier composition.〔Kaplan, ''Hagiographies and the History of Medieval Ethiopia,'' pp.110-1.〕
==Birth and childhood, education.==
Like the parents of many other saints, and reminiscent of the story of Hannah and Elkanah in the opening chapters of the Books of Samuel, Abba Samuel's parents, Andreyas ("Andrew") and Arsonwa, longed for a child, but were almost too old to beget one. After a visit of the saint Tekle Haymanot (a chronological impossibility as Tekle Haymanot had died before Samuel's birth〔) to the aging couple, Arsonwa became pregnant and gave birth to a son, with the help of a midwife.〔Steven Kaplan, ''Seen but Not Heard: Children and Childhood in Medieval Ethiopian Hagiographies'', The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Board of Trustees, Boston University. Published by Boston University African Studies Center, 1991, p.544〕 The child was said to be born with the Holy Communion in his right hand. The saint baptised the child and called him Samuel.
When Samuel was seven (or six〔Kur, ''Gadla Samuel'', p.17〕) years of age, he was considered old enough to learn, leaving home to live in a monastery with Tekle Haymanot, his teacher and spiritual father.〔Kaplan, ''Seen but not Heard'', p.548, 550.〕 Samuel, as usual in spiritual education in Ethiopia, was ordained deacon, and later priest. Still later, after having become a monk, he left his teacher Tekle Haymanot to live a life of his own. Samuel was sent to the region of Yagmu which he renamed Wagag, "Dawn". There he built his first church, called Hagere Maskal, "Community of the Cross".
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